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(Model.)4 l D. R. BURNS.V

PROCESS 0F AND MACHINE FOR RBDUGING FIBER 1N THB MANUFAGTURE 'Grumman Y Y No.25`f.,974. l y Patented Jun20,1882.

I ff A' w f w l UNITED STATES` PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL R. BURNS, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO FRANCIS J. MCCORMICK, OF SAME PLAGE.

PROCESS 0F AND MACHINE FOR REDUCING FIBERS IN THE MANUFACTURE 0F PAPER, dc.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 259,974, dated June 20, 1582.

Application tiled May 20, 1882. (Model.)

To all whom it may' concern.'

Be it known thatI, DANIEL R. BURNS, a citi zen of the United States, residing at Dayton, 1n the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Processes of and Machines forl Reducing Fibers in the Manufacture of Paper, 85o.; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of 'the invention, such as will enable others. skilled in the art to which it appertaius to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of paper, and the object is to produce apparatus or machinery by which the material to be reduced into pulp preserves the strength ofthe fiber, and to accomplish this it is necessary to pull or tear the brous ma'- terial asunder without chopping or cutting it.

The invention consists, first, in the'process or method of feeding' the material into a hopper having the feed-spout arranged eccentrically to a pair of grinding-disks similar to those shown in Letters Patent No. 253,814, granted to me February 14, 1882. This arrangement of the tant feature of my invention, as the material is immediately carried outward audis torn into shreds, whereas by a central feed the tendency is to bunch and revolve the material in the center without tearing it or passing it toward the periphery of the disks. These'disks are provided with a peculiar dress, consisting of. a series ofradial flanges or ribs on the inner portion of thefaces of the disks, which intersect a series of broken annular anges, between which, again, are formed a series of zigzag, corrugated, or serrated dan ges and passages, so as to form a number of cutting-edges, and at the same time to checka too rapid radial discharge of the material fed in between the disks. The faces of the reducing-flanges on the disks are horizontal, or nearly so, and lie in parallel planes.

Another feature of my invention consists in providing on the periphery of each disk an annular lian ge or rib having narrow horizontal or plane faces, between which auges the material passes for the finishing part of the reducing process as the material is discharged from the mill.

feed-spout is a very impor- Another feature of Vmy invention consists in the process of making paper-pulp from rags, wood, cotton-seed hulls, or similar articles without cooking them, all of which will be more fully described hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a plan View of one of the 'reducing-disks. Fig. 2 is a vertical crosssection on line x a'. Fig. 3 is a vertical central section, showing the disks set in a curb or housing. y

VIn the drawings, A A represent the reducing-disks, one of which may be stationary and the other revolve with the shaft I, upon which it is secured and properly journaled in the curb or housing EL The disk A is secured to the curb H by bolts or in any other suitable manner.

The face B of the disks is provided with the radial anges orribs b, extending from the center or eye of the disk, intersecting an aunular series of segmental ribs, a. The central portion ofthe face is made concave, so as to allow the m'ill to be readily fed. The ribs b tear, pull, and partially reduce the material as it passes between their faces outwardly toward the annular reducing-rib. vIn the drawings four annular series of ribs a are shown, the faces ot' which are horizontal, or nearly so, and slightly inclined inward, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the ribs a of the two reducing-disks, when their faces are placed opposite to each other, will gradually approach each other from the inner series to the periphery. Y

' On the outer periphery of each disk is repre- 4sented an annular rib, c, between which the material passes for the finishing part of thereducing process as the material is discharged from the mill. Y

. 9 Between the inner annular rib and the rib at the periphery are arranged a series of zigzag, corrugated, serratedfo' other shaped ribs, d, with small passages or furrows leading from the space between the ribs b ,to the periphery 9 5 of the disk. These ribs and furrows retard the material and prevent its too rapid outward discharge while it is subjected tothe action of the reducingribs.

The hopper K has a feed-spout, C, which is arranged eccentrically to the central axis of the two disks, so that the material is readily IOO taken up and carried outwardly between them, and the fibers are thus better separated and torn.

The material is prevented from clogging or choking the feed-opening, which is the case when it is placed on the central axis, as in my former patent, referred to above.

On the periphery is placed atin ger or scraper, T. which assists in discharging the lint out of the curb' and through the discharge-spout J.

The disks are preferably made of steel or cast-iron, although other suitable material may be used. The dress may be made of any suitable configuration by which a series of cutting-edges are produced, and I do not limit myself to the dress shown in the drawings. The disks should also be so arranged that one of them can be adjusted by screws or equivalent means, by which the neness of the material can be regulated. The disks should be turned oii' true.

An automatic feed mechanism may be applied,if desired. The radial ribs b may extend across the entire central part of the disks, if desired, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The pulp produced'by my mill is superior to that of any other known to me, as the material is caught between the dat faces of the ribs, which grip, tear, and 'separate the bers With outeutting or chopping them up, and thus produce a very strongI fibrous pulp, and therefore much tougher paper. It can be used for grind ing rags, straw, grain, or seed of all kinds, for grannlating tobacco or any fibrous or stringy material, and for ginning cotton, Src. It is not liable to get out of order, can be made at a moderate expense; the faces and edges will wear a long time Without wearing out, and by placingt-he feed-openin g on one side of the central axis of the disks the material is much betterand more easily taken up, carried toward the periphery, and reduced to pulp. l

Having thus described my invention what I claim,and desireto secure by Letters'Patent, 1s-

1. The process of manufacturin gpaper, which consists in feeding the material through an eccentrically-arranged feed-openingbetween two disks having cutting-ribs, by which it is carried outwardly and is torn and separated into fibers, and is finally reduced between a peripheral rib, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A mill for reducing rags and fibrous substances, consisting essentially ot two disks having concave faces with a series of radial annular and irregular ribs, with flat faces to form the dress of the disks, substantially as specified.

3. A mill for :reducing fibrous substances, consisting of two disks having a series of flatfaced ribs which form cutting-edges, and a. concave central part, gradually diminishing in depth toward the periphery, substantially as specified.

4. A mill for reducing substances,consisting of two disks having a series of ribs, as shown, to form cuttingedges, and a central concave part, in combination with a feed-opening arranged eccentrically to the central axis, sublstantially as and for the purpose described.

5. A reducing-mill for fibrous substances, consisting of two disks having a central concave part with radial ribs and their faces gradually diminishing in depth toward the periphery and provided with a series of cuttingedges and furrows near the periphery, subu stantially as shown and specified.

6. A mill for reducing iibrous substances, consisting of the disks A A', having a concave face gradually diminishing toward the periphery and provided with a series of radial annular and segmental fiat-faced ribs, all arranged, as shown, to form cutting-edges, sub. stantially as and for the purposc set forth.

7. A reducing-mill having disks A A', provided with a. series of radial ribs, b, intersecting or radial ribs a, and irregular passages d, formed between them, all substantially as shown and specified.

8. A reducing-mill having disks A A', provided with a series of radial ribs, b, annular ribs a, and irregularpassages d,onc of the disks made stationary and the other revolving, and the feed-orifice arranged eccentrically, substantially as set forth.

9. The process of making paper from rags or equivalent material by reducing it in a mill in a dry state, as herein described, to aibrous condition and converting the lint into pulp and finishing it by the usual and wet cardboard mechanism. substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereto aliix my signature in presence ot' two witnesses.

D. R. BURNS.

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